1.\u4e3b\u9891<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u9891\u4e5f\u53eb\u65f6\u949f\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662fMHz\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793aCPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u3002CPU\u7684\u4e3b\u9891\uff1d\u5916\u9891\u00d7\u500d\u9891\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9891\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u9891\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e24\u5927\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5382\u5bb6Intel\u548cAMD\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eceIntel\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51faIntel\u5f88\u6ce8\u91cd\u52a0\u5f3a\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3b\u9891\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5382\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u62ff\u8fc7\u4e00\u5feb1G\u7684\u5168\u7f8e\u8fbe\u6765\u505a\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e2G\u7684Intel\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cCPU\u7684\u4e3b\u9891\u4e0eCPU\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u9891\u8868\u793a\u5728CPU\u5185\u6570\u5b57\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u9707\u8361\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728Intel\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a1 GHz Itanium\u82af\u7247\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u8ddf2.66 GHz Xeon\/Opteron\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\uff0c\u6216\u662f1.5 GHz Itanium 2\u5927\u7ea6\u8ddf4 GHz Xeon\/Opteron\u4e00\u6837\u5feb\u3002CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd8\u8981\u770bCPU\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e3b\u9891\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e3b\u9891\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662fCPU\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868CPU\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002
\n2.\u5916\u9891<\/p>\n
\u5916\u9891\u662fCPU\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662fMHz\u3002CPU\u7684\u5916\u9891\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u6574\u5757\u4e3b\u677f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u5f0f\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8d85\u9891\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8d85CPU\u7684\u5916\u9891\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cCPU\u7684\u500d\u9891\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u9501\u4f4f\u7684\uff09\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u70b9\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8d85\u9891\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u5230CPU\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4e3b\u677f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u8d85\u9891\u4e86\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5916\u9891\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f02\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\uff08\u53f0\u5f0f\u673a\u5f88\u591a\u4e3b\u677f\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7535\u8111\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5916\u9891\u4e5f\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u4e3b\u677f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3aCPU\u7684\u5916\u9891\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5916\u9891\u4e0e\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf(FSB)\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8c08\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf(FSB)\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n
\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf(FSB)\u9891\u7387(\u5373\u603b\u7ebf\u9891\u7387)\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cdCPU\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u76f4\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u5e26\u5bbd\uff1d(\u603b\u7ebf\u9891\u7387\u00d7\u6570\u636e\u5e26\u5bbd)\/8\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6700\u5927\u5e26\u5bbd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u9891\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u7684\u81f3\u5f3aNocona\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u662f800MHz\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6700\u5927\u5e26\u5bbd\u662f6.4GB\/\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5916\u9891\u4e0e\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf(FSB)\u9891\u7387\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5916\u9891\u662fCPU\u4e0e\u4e3b\u677f\u4e4b\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c100MHz\u5916\u9891\u7279\u6307\u6570\u5b57\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u9707\u8361\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u6b21\uff1b\u800c100MHz\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u79d2\u949fCPU\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u91cf\u662f100MHz\u00d764bit\u00f78Byte\/bit=800MB\/s\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u201cHyperTransport\u201d\u6784\u67b6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf(FSB)\u9891\u7387\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053IA-32\u67b6\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6784\u4ef6\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5668Hub (MCH) ,I\/O\u63a7\u5236\u5668Hub\u548cPCI Hub\uff0c\u50cfIntel\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u82af\u7247\u7ec4 Intel 7501\u3001Intel7505\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3a\u53cc\u81f3\u5f3a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684MCH\u4e3aCPU\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9891\u7387\u4e3a533MHz\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\uff0c\u914d\u5408DDR\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u5e26\u5bbd\u53ef\u8fbe\u52304.3GB\/\u79d2\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u201cHyperTransport\u201d\u6784\u67b6\u4e0d\u4f46\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u603b\u7ebf\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9AMD Opteron\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684HyperTransport I\/O\u603b\u7ebf\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u8ba9\u5b83\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ebf\u4f20\u7ed9\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001CPU\u7684\u4f4d\u548c\u5b57\u957f<\/p>\n
\u4f4d\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\u548c\u7535\u8111\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u6709\u201c0\u201d\u548c\u201c1\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e0\u8bba\u662f \u201c0\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c1\u201d\u5728CPU\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f \u4e00\u201c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u957f\uff1a\u7535\u8111\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5bf9CPU\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185(\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4)\u80fd\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u53eb\u5b57\u957f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u957f\u4e3a8\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u7684CPU\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u53eb8\u4f4d\u7684CPU\u3002\u540c\u740632\u4f4d\u7684CPU\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u957f\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b57\u8282\u548c\u5b57\u957f\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u75288\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u5c068\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5b57\u957f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\u3001\u5b57\u957f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u30028\u4f4d\u7684CPU\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c32\u4f4d\u7684CPU\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u80fd\u5904\u74064\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u5b57\u957f\u4e3a64\u4f4d\u7684CPU\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u74068\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
5.\u500d\u9891\u7cfb\u6570<\/p>\n
\u500d\u9891\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u6307CPU\u4e3b\u9891\u4e0e\u5916\u9891\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5916\u9891\u4e0b\uff0c\u500d\u9891\u8d8a\u9ad8CPU\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4e5f\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5916\u9891\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u500d\u9891\u7684CPU\u672c\u8eab\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aCPU\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5473\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u500d\u9891\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u4e3b\u9891\u7684CPU\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u74f6\u9888\u6548\u5e94\u2014CPU\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6781\u9650\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3CPU\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u9664\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u6837\u7248\u7684Intel\u7684CPU\u90fd\u662f\u9501\u4e86\u500d\u9891\u7684\uff0c\u800cAMD\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n
6.\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u662fCPU\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9CPU\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0cCPU\u5185\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u9891\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u540c\u9891\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u786c\u76d8\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347CPU\u5185\u90e8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u6216\u8005\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8eCPU\u82af\u7247\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u6210\u672c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n
L1\u3000Cache(\u4e00\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58)\u662fCPU\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u7684L1\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u51b2\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5747\u7531\u9759\u6001RAM\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5728CPU\u7ba1\u82af\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cL1\u7ea7\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u592a\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u7684L1\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u572832\u2014256KB\u3002<\/p>\n
L2\u3000Cache(\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58)\u662fCPU\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5206\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e24\u79cd\u82af\u7247\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u82af\u7247\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u9891\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\u9891\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002L2\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cdCPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u7528CPU\u5bb9\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f512KB\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7528CPU\u7684L2\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u66f4\u9ad8\u8fbe256-1MB\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u8fbe2MB\u6216\u80053MB\u3002<\/p>\n
L3\u3000Cache(\u4e09\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58)\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u662f\u5916\u7f6e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\u5373\u662f\uff0cL3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u800c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u589e\u52a0L3\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u6545\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u8f83\u77ed\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\u6700\u65e9\u7684L3\u7f13\u5b58\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728AMD\u53d1\u5e03\u7684K6-III\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684L3\u7f13\u5b58\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u96c6\u6210\u8fdb\u82af\u7247\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ebf\u9891\u7387\u540c\u6b65\u7684L3\u7f13\u5b58\u540c\u4e3b\u5185\u5b58\u5176\u5b9e\u5dee\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4f7f\u7528L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e02\u573a\u6240\u63a8\u51fa\u7684Itanium\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u662fP4EE\u548c\u81f3\u5f3aMP\u3002Intel\u8fd8\u6253\u7b97\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u6b3e9MB L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684Itanium2\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u548c\u4ee5\u540e24MB L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u53cc\u6838\u5fc3Itanium2\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0aL3\u7f13\u5b58\u5bf9\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u914d\u59071MB L3\u7f13\u5b58\u7684Xeon MP\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u662fOpteron\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u524d\u7aef\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u7f13\u5b58\u589e\u52a0\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
7.CPU\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/p>\n
CPU\u4f9d\u9760\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b3eCPU\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5c31\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e\u5176\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u4e5f\u662fCPU\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u8bb2\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u548c\u7cbe\u7b80\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7528\u770b\uff0c\u5982Intel\u7684MMX\uff08Multi Media Extended\uff09\u3001SSE\u3001 SSE2\uff08Streaming-Single instruction multiple data-Extensions 2\uff09\u3001SEE3\u548cAMD\u76843DNow!\u7b49\u90fd\u662fCPU\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86CPU\u7684\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u56fe\u8c61\u548cInternet\u7b49\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628aCPU\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u79f0\u4e3a”CPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6”\u3002SSE3\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u6b64\u524dMMX\u5305\u542b\u670957\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cSSE\u5305\u542b\u670950\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cSSE2\u5305\u542b\u6709144\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cSSE3\u5305\u542b\u670913\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u76ee\u524dSSE3\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14Prescott\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u652f\u6301SSE3\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0cAMD\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u53cc\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5f53\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5bf9SSE3\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u8fbe\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e5f\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n
8.CPU\u5185\u6838\u548cI\/O\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b<\/p>\n
\u4ece586CPU\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cCPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u5206\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u7535\u538b\u548cI\/O\u7535\u538b\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38CPU\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7535\u538b\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eI\/O\u7535\u538b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5185\u6838\u7535\u538b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6839\u636eCPU\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u827a\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff1bI\/O\u7535\u538b\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u57281.6~5V\u3002\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u8017\u7535\u8fc7\u5927\u548c\u53d1\u70ed\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
9.\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a<\/p>\n
\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u5fae\u7c73\u662f\u6307IC\u5185\u7535\u8def\u4e0e\u7535\u8def\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u5411\u5bc6\u96c6\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8\u7684IC\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u9762\u79ef\u7684IC\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u7684180nm\u3001130nm\u300190nm\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5b98\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u793a\u670965nm\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
10.\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09CISC\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/p>\n
CISC\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u662fCISC\uff0c\uff08Complex Instruction Set Computer\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u3002\u5728CISC\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u662f\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u751f\u4ea7\u7684x86\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fIA-32\u67b6\u6784\uff09CPU\u53ca\u5176\u517c\u5bb9CPU\uff0c\u5982AMD\u3001VIA\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u65b0\u8d77\u7684X86-64\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u6210AMD64\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8eCISC\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece\u5f53\u4eca\u7684X86\u67b6\u6784\u7684CPU\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002X86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u662fIntel\u4e3a\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u575716\u4f4dCPU(i8086)\u4e13\u95e8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0cIBM1981\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0PC\u673a\u4e2d\u7684CPU\u2014i8088(i8086\u7b80\u5316\u7248)\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e5f\u662fX86\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86X87\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u5c06X86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u548cX87\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3aX86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u968f\u7740CPU\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cIntel\u9646\u7eed\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u66f4\u65b0\u578b\u7684i80386\u3001i80486\u76f4\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684PII\u81f3\u5f3a\u3001PIII\u81f3\u5f3a\u3001Pentium 3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684Pentium 4\u7cfb\u5217\u3001\u81f3\u5f3a\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u81f3\u5f3aNocona\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7535\u8111\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Intel\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6240\u6709CPU\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528X86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684CPU\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8eX86\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u7531\u4e8eIntel X86\u7cfb\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u517c\u5bb9CPU\uff08\u5982AMD Athlon MP\u3001\uff09\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528X86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u5e9e\u5927\u7684X86\u7cfb\u5217\u53ca\u517c\u5bb9CPU\u9635\u5bb9\u3002x86CPU\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u6709intel\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u548cAMD\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09RISC\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6<\/p>\n
RISC\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u201cReduced Instruction Set Computing \u201d \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u7cbe\u7b80\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5728CISC\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9CISC\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u5360\u6307\u4ee4\u603b\u6570\u768420\uff05\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9891\u5ea6\u5374\u536080\uff05\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7814\u5236\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3RISC\u578bCPU\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eCISC\u578bCPU ,RISC\u578bCPU\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7cbe\u7b80\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u548c\u8d85\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002RISC\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdCPU\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684CISC(\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6)\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u800c\u8a00\uff0cRISC\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6bd4\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5c11\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6863\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684CPU\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9ad8\u6863\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5168\u90fd\u91c7\u7528RISC\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684CPU\u3002RISC\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u6863\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfUNIX\uff0c\u73b0\u5728Linux\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3cUNIX\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002RISC\u578bCPU\u4e0eIntel\u548cAMD\u7684CPU\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6863\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528RISC\u6307\u4ee4\u7684CPU\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1aPowerPC\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001SPARC\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001PA-RISC\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001MIPS\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001Alpha\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09IA-64<\/p>\n
EPIC\uff08Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computers\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5e76\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u662f\u5426\u662fRISC\u548cCISC\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5355\u4ee5EPIC\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u50cfIntel\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8fc8\u5411RISC\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cEPIC\u4f53\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u7406Windows\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8eUnix\u4e0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
Intel\u91c7\u7528EPIC\u6280\u672f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668CPU\u662f\u5b89\u817eItanium\uff08\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee3\u53f7\u5373Merced\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u662f64\u4f4d\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fIA\uff0d64\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u3002\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e5f\u5df2\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3aWin64\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728Intel\u91c7\u7528\u4e86X86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u8f6c\u800c\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u768464-bit\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0cIntel\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u60f3\u6446\u8131\u5bb9\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u7684x86\u67b6\u6784,\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u800c\u53c8\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u91c7\u7528EPIC\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684IA-64\u67b6\u6784\u4fbf\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002IA-64 \u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5ea6x86\u6709\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edfIA32\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u7406\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
IA-64\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0ex86\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u800cIntel\u4e3a\u4e86IA-64\u5904\u7406\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728IA-64\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\uff08Itanium\u3001Itanium2 \u2026\u2026)\u5f15\u5165\u4e86x86-to-IA-64\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u628ax86\u6307\u4ee4\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3aIA-64\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u884cx86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6700\u597d\u9014\u5f84\uff08\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728x86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884cx86\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Itanium \u548cItanium2\u5728\u8fd0\u884cx86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3aX86-64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff084\uff09X86-64 \uff08AMD64 \/ EM64T\uff09<\/p>\n
AMD\u516c\u53f8\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5904\u740664\u4f4d\u7684\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u517c\u5bb9\u4e8eX86-32\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u5740\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u5b9a\u5740\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u548c8\u4f4d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f6c\u6362\u621064\u4f4d\u548c16\u4f4d\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u652f\u6301\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u9014\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f32\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u768464\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8f6c\u6362\u6267\u884c\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u4ee4\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f8\u4f4d\u621632\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fc7\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
x86-64\uff08\u4e5f\u53ebAMD64\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u7a7a\u7a74\u6765\u98ce\uff0cx86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u768432bit\u5bfb\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u57284GB\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800cIA-64\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u517c\u5bb9x86\u3002AMD\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3ax86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5957\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64AMD\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3ax86-64\u3002\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0aAMD\u5728x86-64\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c64\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0cAMD\u4e3a\u5176\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u589e\u4e86R8-R15\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6709X86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u800c\u572832\u4f4d\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8bf8\u5982EAX\u3001EBX\u4e5f\u753132\u4f4d\u6269\u5f20\u81f364\u4f4d\u3002\u5728SSE\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u4e868\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9SSE2\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u630132\u548c64\u4f4d\u4ee3\u7801\u53ca\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0cx86-64\u67b6\u6784\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1aLong Mode(\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f)\u548cLegacy Mode(\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff0cLong\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f(64bit\u6a21\u5f0f\u548cCompatibility mode\u517c\u5bb9\u6a21\u5f0f)\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f15\u8fdb\u5728AMD\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u7684Opteron\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u4eca\u5e74\u4e5f\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u7684EM64T\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u518d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u4e3aEM64T\u4e4b\u524d\u662fIA32E\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u7279\u5c1464\u4f4d\u6269\u5c55\u6280\u672f\u7684\u540d\u5b57,\u7528\u6765\u533a\u522bX86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002Intel\u7684EM64T\u652f\u630164\u4f4dsub-mode\uff0c\u548cAMD\u7684X86-64\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u91c7\u752864\u4f4d\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5e73\u9762\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u52a0\u51658\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08GPRs\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u52a08\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u652f\u6301SSE\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0eAMD\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cIntel\u768464\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u517c\u5bb9IA32\u548cIA32E\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8fd0\u884c64\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u5c06\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528IA32E\u3002IA32E\u5c06\u75312\u4e2asub-mode\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a64\u4f4dsub-mode\u548c32\u4f4dsub-mode\uff0c\u540cAMD64\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u3002Intel\u7684EM64T\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9AMD\u7684X86-64\u6280\u672f\u3002\u73b0\u5728Nocona\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b64\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\uff0cIntel\u7684Pentium 4E\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e5f\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u517c\u5bb9x86\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u768464\u4f4d\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4f46EM64T\u4e0eAMD64\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0cAMD64\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u7684NX\u4f4d\u5728Intel\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n
11.\u8d85\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0e\u8d85\u6807\u91cf<\/p>\n
\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u8d85\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0e\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf(pipeline)\u3002\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u662fIntel\u9996\u6b21\u5728486\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u8c61\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u88c5\u914d\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3002\u5728CPU\u4e2d\u75315\u20146\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e00\u6761X86\u6307\u4ee4\u5206\u62105\u20146\u6b65\u540e\u518d\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u5954\u817e\u6bcf\u6761\u6574\u6570\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u90fd\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ea7\u6d41\u6c34\uff0c\u5373\u6307\u4ee4\u9884\u53d6\u3001\u8bd1\u7801\u3001\u6267\u884c\u3001\u5199\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6d41\u6c34\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u516b\u7ea7\u6d41\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u591a\u6761\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u8d85\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u5316\u6d41\u6c34\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e3b\u9891\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u53d6\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Pentium 4\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5c31\u957f\u8fbe20\u7ea7\u3002\u5c06\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6b65(\u7ea7)\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u9891\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684CPU\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8fc7\u957f\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e3b\u9891\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684CPU\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0cIntel\u7684\u5954\u817e4\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u9891\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8fbe1.4G\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8fd0\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u5374\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0aAMD 1.2G\u7684\u901f\u9f99\u751a\u81f3\u5954\u817eIII\u3002<\/p>\n
12.\u5c01\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n
CPU\u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5c06CPU\u82af\u7247\u6216CPU\u6a21\u5757\u56fa\u5316\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u9632\u635f\u574f\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5c01\u88c5\u540eCPU\u624d\u80fd\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002CPU\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eCPU\u5b89\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5668\u4ef6\u96c6\u6210\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6765\u770b\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528Socket\u63d2\u5ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528PGA(\u6805\u683c\u9635\u5217)\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u800c\u91c7\u7528Slot x\u69fd\u5b89\u88c5\u7684CPU\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u91c7\u7528SEC(\u5355\u8fb9\u63a5\u63d2\u76d2)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c01\u795d\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6709PLGA(Plastic Land Grid Array)\u3001OLGA(Organic Land Grid Array)\u7b49\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u76ee\u524dCPU\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u4ee5\u8282\u7ea6\u6210\u672c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n
13\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u540c\u65f6\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0bSimultaneous multithreading\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0SMT\u3002SMT\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8ba9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u5171\u4eab\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bbd\u53d1\u5c04\u3001\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8fd0\u7b97\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u7f13\u548c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u6216Cache\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u5269\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0cSMT\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51e0\u4e4e\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bbd\u53d1\u5c04\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e00\u6837\u3002SMT\u6700\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u662f\u53ea\u9700\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6539\u53d8\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\u8d58\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd0\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95f2\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u684c\u9762\u4f4e\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u65e0\u7591\u5341\u5206\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002Intel\u4ece3.06GHz Pentium 4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5668\u90fd\u5c06\u652f\u6301SMT\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n
14\u3001\u591a\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n
\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u5355\u82af\u7247\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08Chip multiprocessors\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0CMP\uff09\u3002CMP\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u7684SMP\uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff09\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u82af\u7247\u5185\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0eCMP\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c SMT\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5de5\u827a\u8fdb\u51650.18\u5fae\u7c73\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ebf\u5ef6\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u95e8\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u8bb8\u591a\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eCMP\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5ea6\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u9014\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cIBM \u7684Power 4\u82af\u7247\u548cSun\u7684 MAJC5200\u82af\u7247\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86CMP\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u5171\u4eab\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f13\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7b80\u5316\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
2005\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0cIntel\u548cAMD\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e5f\u5c06\u878d\u5165CMP\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u65b0\u5b89\u817e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3aMontecito\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u53cc\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5c1118MB\u7247\u5185\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u91c7\u53d690nm\u5de5\u827a\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7edd\u5bf9\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u5f53\u4eca\u82af\u7247\u4e1a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684L1\uff0cL2\u548cL3 cache\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u7ea610\u4ebf\u652f\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n
15\u3001SMP<\/p>\n
SMP\uff08Symmetric Multi-Processing\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0\u591a\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5904\u7406\u5668(\u591aCPU),\u5404CPU\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u603b\u7ebf\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u50cf\u53cc\u81f3\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e8c\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff08\u81f3\u5f3aMP\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5230\u56db\u8def\uff0cAMD Opteron\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u63011-8\u8def\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u662f16\u8def\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0cSMP\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u5230100\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u662f8\u4e2a\u523016\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u7ea7\u4e3b\u677f\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u50cfUNIX\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u6700\u591a256\u4e2aCPU\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u5957SMP\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a\u652f\u6301SMP\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u677f\u548cCPU\uff1b\u652f\u6301SMP\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u518d\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301SMP\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5f97SMP\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u6325\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u6301SMP\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982WINNT\u3001LINUX\u3001\u4ee5\u53caUNIX\u7b49\u7b4932\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6307\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u6307\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u7ec4\u5efaSMP\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u9009\u7684CPU\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u3001CPU\u5185\u90e8\u5fc5\u987b\u5185\u7f6eAPIC\uff08Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers\uff09\u5355\u5143\u3002Intel \u591a\u5904\u7406\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65ad\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff08Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers–APICs\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u9891\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u6279\u6b21\u7684CPU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u9897CPU\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u9897\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u6325\u6700\u5927\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
16\u3001NUMA\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n
NUMA\u5373\u975e\u4e00\u81f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5206\u5e03\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u901f\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u7684CPU\u6216\u662fSMP\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728NUMA\u4e2d\uff0cCache \u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56fe2\u4e2d\u662fSequent\u516c\u53f8NUMA\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u67093\u4e2aSMP\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u670912\u4e2aCPU\u3002\u50cfSequent\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u523064\u4e2aCPU\u751a\u81f3256\u4e2aCPU\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728SMP\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u7528NUMA\u7684\u6280\u672f\u52a0\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
17\u3001\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n
\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff08out-of-orderexecution\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307CPU\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u6309\u7a0b\u5e8f\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5206\u5f00\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5404\u76f8\u5e94\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5404\u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u5426\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u6790\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u76f8\u5e94\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u4e0d\u6309\u89c4\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u5355\u5143\u5c06\u5404\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u7ed3\u679c\u6309\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7fCPU\u5185\u90e8\u7535\u8def\u6ee1\u8d1f\u8377\u8fd0\u8f6c\u5e76\u76f8\u5e94\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86CPU\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5206\u679d\u6280\u672f\uff1a\uff08branch\uff09\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u679d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6309\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u679d\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6309\u539f\u5148\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
18\u3001CPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/p>\n
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